struct vma_list {
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        struct list_head head;
-       atomic_t mmap_count;
+       refcount_t mmap_count;
 };
 
 static int remember_vma(struct bpf_arena *arena, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
        vml = kmalloc(sizeof(*vml), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!vml)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       atomic_set(&vml->mmap_count, 1);
+       refcount_set(&vml->mmap_count, 1);
        vma->vm_private_data = vml;
        vml->vma = vma;
        list_add(&vml->head, &arena->vma_list);
 {
        struct vma_list *vml = vma->vm_private_data;
 
-       atomic_inc(&vml->mmap_count);
+       refcount_inc(&vml->mmap_count);
 }
 
 static void arena_vm_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
        struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(map, struct bpf_arena, map);
        struct vma_list *vml = vma->vm_private_data;
 
-       if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&vml->mmap_count))
+       if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&vml->mmap_count))
                return;
        guard(mutex)(&arena->lock);
        /* update link list under lock */