return -EFAULT;
                }
 
-               INIT_WORK(&xdev->work, xenbus_frontend_delayed_resume);
                queue_work(xenbus_frontend_wq, &xdev->work);
 
                return 0;
        return xenbus_dev_resume(dev);
 }
 
+static int xenbus_frontend_dev_probe(struct device *dev)
+{
+       if (xen_store_domain_type == XS_LOCAL) {
+               struct xenbus_device *xdev = to_xenbus_device(dev);
+               INIT_WORK(&xdev->work, xenbus_frontend_delayed_resume);
+       }
+
+       return xenbus_dev_probe(dev);
+}
+
 static const struct dev_pm_ops xenbus_pm_ops = {
        .suspend        = xenbus_dev_suspend,
        .resume         = xenbus_frontend_dev_resume,
                .name           = "xen",
                .match          = xenbus_match,
                .uevent         = xenbus_uevent_frontend,
-               .probe          = xenbus_dev_probe,
+               .probe          = xenbus_frontend_dev_probe,
                .remove         = xenbus_dev_remove,
                .shutdown       = xenbus_dev_shutdown,
                .dev_attrs      = xenbus_dev_attrs,
 
        register_xenstore_notifier(&xenstore_notifier);
 
-       xenbus_frontend_wq = create_workqueue("xenbus_frontend");
+       if (xen_store_domain_type == XS_LOCAL) {
+               xenbus_frontend_wq = create_workqueue("xenbus_frontend");
+               if (!xenbus_frontend_wq)
+                       pr_warn("create xenbus frontend workqueue failed, S3 resume is likely to fail\n");
+       }
 
        return 0;
 }