return 0;
 }
 
+static void gntalloc_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+       struct gntalloc_gref *gref = vma->vm_private_data;
+       if (!gref)
+               return;
+
+       spin_lock(&gref_lock);
+       gref->users++;
+       spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
+}
+
 static void gntalloc_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
        struct gntalloc_gref *gref = vma->vm_private_data;
 }
 
 static struct vm_operations_struct gntalloc_vmops = {
+       .open = gntalloc_vma_open,
        .close = gntalloc_vma_close,
 };
 
        vma->vm_private_data = gref;
 
        vma->vm_flags |= VM_RESERVED;
-       vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTCOPY;
-       vma->vm_flags |= VM_PFNMAP | VM_PFN_AT_MMAP;
 
        vma->vm_ops = &gntalloc_vmops;
 
 
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
+static void gntdev_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+       struct grant_map *map = vma->vm_private_data;
+
+       pr_debug("gntdev_vma_open %p\n", vma);
+       atomic_inc(&map->users);
+}
+
 static void gntdev_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
        struct grant_map *map = vma->vm_private_data;
 
-       pr_debug("close %p\n", vma);
+       pr_debug("gntdev_vma_close %p\n", vma);
        map->vma = NULL;
        vma->vm_private_data = NULL;
        gntdev_put_map(map);
 }
 
 static struct vm_operations_struct gntdev_vmops = {
+       .open = gntdev_vma_open,
        .close = gntdev_vma_close,
 };
 
 
        vma->vm_ops = &gntdev_vmops;
 
-       vma->vm_flags |= VM_RESERVED|VM_DONTCOPY|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_PFNMAP;
+       vma->vm_flags |= VM_RESERVED|VM_DONTEXPAND;
+
+       if (use_ptemod)
+               vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTCOPY|VM_PFNMAP;
 
        vma->vm_private_data = map;