/*
  * unlink active urbs.
  */
-static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int force, int can_sleep)
+static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool force, bool can_sleep)
 {
        unsigned int i;
        int async;
        ep->prepare_data_urb = NULL;
 
        /* stop urbs */
-       deactivate_urbs(ep, force, 1);
+       deactivate_urbs(ep, force, true);
        wait_clear_urbs(ep);
 
        for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++)
  *
  * Returns an error if the URB submission failed, 0 in all other cases.
  */
-int snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int can_sleep)
+int snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool can_sleep)
 {
        int err;
        unsigned int i;
                return 0;
 
        /* just to be sure */
-       deactivate_urbs(ep, 0, can_sleep);
+       deactivate_urbs(ep, false, can_sleep);
        if (can_sleep)
                wait_clear_urbs(ep);
 
 __error:
        clear_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags);
        ep->use_count--;
-       deactivate_urbs(ep, 0, 0);
+       deactivate_urbs(ep, false, false);
        return -EPIPE;
 }
 
  *
  * Must be balanced to calls of snd_usb_endpoint_start().
  */
-void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
-                          int force, int can_sleep, int wait)
+void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool wait)
 {
        if (!ep)
                return;
                return;
 
        if (--ep->use_count == 0) {
-               deactivate_urbs(ep, force, can_sleep);
+               deactivate_urbs(ep, false, wait);
                ep->data_subs = NULL;
                ep->sync_slave = NULL;
                ep->retire_data_urb = NULL;
        if (!ep)
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       deactivate_urbs(ep, 1, 1);
+       deactivate_urbs(ep, true, true);
        wait_clear_urbs(ep);
 
        if (ep->use_count != 0)
 
                                struct audioformat *fmt,
                                struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep);
 
-int  snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int can_sleep);
-void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
-                          int force, int can_sleep, int wait);
+int  snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool can_sleep);
+void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, bool wait);
 void snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 int  snd_usb_endpoint_activate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 int  snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 
        }
 }
 
-static int start_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int can_sleep)
+static int start_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, bool can_sleep)
 {
        int err;
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void stop_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-                          int force, int can_sleep, int wait)
+static void stop_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, bool wait)
 {
        if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags))
-               snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->sync_endpoint,
-                                     force, can_sleep, wait);
+               snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->sync_endpoint, wait);
 
        if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags))
-               snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->data_endpoint,
-                                     force, can_sleep, wait);
+               snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->data_endpoint, wait);
 }
 
 static int deactivate_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
        int ret;
 
        /* format changed */
-       stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+       stop_endpoints(subs, false);
        ret = snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(subs->data_endpoint,
                                          subs->pcm_format,
                                          subs->channels,
        subs->period_bytes = 0;
        down_read(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
        if (!subs->stream->chip->shutdown) {
-               stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 1, 1);
+               stop_endpoints(subs, true);
                deactivate_endpoints(subs);
        }
        up_read(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
        /* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
         * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
        if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
-               ret = start_endpoints(subs, 1);
+               ret = start_endpoints(subs, true);
 
  unlock:
        up_read(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
        struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
        struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
 
-       stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+       stop_endpoints(subs, false);
 
        if (!as->chip->shutdown && subs->interface >= 0) {
                usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0);
                subs->running = 1;
                return 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-               stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+               stop_endpoints(subs, false);
                subs->running = 0;
                return 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
 
        switch (cmd) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-               err = start_endpoints(subs, 0);
+               err = start_endpoints(subs, false);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
 
                subs->running = 1;
                return 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-               stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+               stop_endpoints(subs, false);
                subs->running = 0;
                return 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH: