disk->flags             = GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT;
        sprintf(disk->disk_name, "ram%d", i);
        set_capacity(disk, rd_size * 2);
-       brd->brd_queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |= BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
 
        /* Tell the block layer that this is not a rotational device */
        blk_queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, brd->brd_queue);
 
  */
 static size_t huge_class_size;
 
+static const struct block_device_operations zram_devops;
+static const struct block_device_operations zram_wb_devops;
+
 static void zram_free_page(struct zram *zram, size_t index);
 static int zram_bvec_read(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec,
                                u32 index, int offset, struct bio *bio);
        zram->backing_dev = NULL;
        zram->old_block_size = 0;
        zram->bdev = NULL;
-       zram->disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |=
-                               BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
+       zram->disk->fops = &zram_devops;
        kvfree(zram->bitmap);
        zram->bitmap = NULL;
 }
         * freely but in fact, IO is going on so finally could cause
         * use-after-free when the IO is really done.
         */
-       zram->disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities &=
-                       ~BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
+       zram->disk->fops = &zram_wb_devops;
        up_write(&zram->init_lock);
 
        pr_info("setup backing device %s\n", file_name);
        .owner = THIS_MODULE
 };
 
+static const struct block_device_operations zram_wb_devops = {
+       .open = zram_open,
+       .submit_bio = zram_submit_bio,
+       .swap_slot_free_notify = zram_slot_free_notify,
+       .owner = THIS_MODULE
+};
+
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(compact);
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(disksize);
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(initstate);
        if (ZRAM_LOGICAL_BLOCK_SIZE == PAGE_SIZE)
                blk_queue_max_write_zeroes_sectors(zram->disk->queue, UINT_MAX);
 
-       zram->disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |=
-                       (BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES | BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO);
+       zram->disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |= BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;
        device_add_disk(NULL, zram->disk, zram_disk_attr_groups);
 
        strlcpy(zram->compressor, default_compressor, sizeof(zram->compressor));
 
        btt->btt_disk->private_data = btt;
        btt->btt_disk->queue = btt->btt_queue;
        btt->btt_disk->flags = GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT;
-       btt->btt_disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |=
-                       BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
 
        blk_queue_logical_block_size(btt->btt_queue, btt->sector_size);
        blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(btt->btt_queue, UINT_MAX);
 
        disk->queue             = q;
        disk->flags             = GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT;
        disk->private_data      = pmem;
-       disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |= BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
        nvdimm_namespace_disk_name(ndns, disk->disk_name);
        set_capacity(disk, (pmem->size - pmem->pfn_pad - pmem->data_offset)
                        / 512);
 
  * BDI_CAP_NO_WRITEBACK:   Don't write pages back
  * BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_WB:     Don't automatically account writeback pages
  * BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT:    Keep number of dirty pages below bdi threshold.
- *
- * BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO: Device is so fast that asynchronous IO would be
- *                        inefficient.
  */
 #define BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_DIRTY  0x00000001
 #define BDI_CAP_NO_WRITEBACK   0x00000002
 #define BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES  0x00000008
 #define BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT    0x00000010
 #define BDI_CAP_CGROUP_WRITEBACK 0x00000020
-#define BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO 0x00000040
 
 #define BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK \
        (BDI_CAP_NO_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_DIRTY | BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_WB)
 long congestion_wait(int sync, long timeout);
 long wait_iff_congested(int sync, long timeout);
 
-static inline bool bdi_cap_synchronous_io(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
-{
-       return bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
-}
-
 static inline bool bdi_cap_stable_pages_required(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 {
        return bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;
 
        if (bdi_cap_stable_pages_required(inode_to_bdi(inode)))
                p->flags |= SWP_STABLE_WRITES;
 
-       if (bdi_cap_synchronous_io(inode_to_bdi(inode)))
+       if (p->bdev && p->bdev->bd_disk->fops->rw_page)
                p->flags |= SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
 
        if (p->bdev && blk_queue_nonrot(bdev_get_queue(p->bdev))) {