unsigned char *src, c;
        int procbytes;
 
-       head = atomic_read(&inbuf->head);
-       tail = atomic_read(&inbuf->tail);
+       head = inbuf->head;
+       tail = inbuf->tail;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "buffer state: %u -> %u", head, tail);
 
        if (head != tail) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "processing %u bytes", numbytes);
 
                while (numbytes) {
-                       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_LOCKED) {
+                       if (cs->mstate == MS_LOCKED) {
                                procbytes = lock_loop(src, numbytes, inbuf);
                                src += procbytes;
                                numbytes -= procbytes;
                }
 
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "setting head to %u", head);
-               atomic_set(&inbuf->head, head);
+               inbuf->head = head;
        }
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gigaset_m10x_input);
 
        unsigned char           int_in_buf[3];
 
        spinlock_t              lock;           /* locks all following */
-       atomic_t                basstate;       /* bitmap (BS_*) */
+       int                     basstate;       /* bitmap (BS_*) */
        int                     pending;        /* uncompleted base request */
        wait_queue_head_t       waitqueue;
        int                     rcvbuf_size;    /* size of AT receive buffer */
        case 0:
                break;
        case HD_OPEN_ATCHANNEL:
-               if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_ATOPEN)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_ATOPEN)
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_OPEN_B1CHANNEL:
-               if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B1OPEN)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_B1OPEN)
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_OPEN_B2CHANNEL:
-               if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B2OPEN)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_B2OPEN)
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_CLOSE_ATCHANNEL:
-               if (!(atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_ATOPEN))
+               if (!(ucs->basstate & BS_ATOPEN))
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_CLOSE_B1CHANNEL:
-               if (!(atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B1OPEN))
+               if (!(ucs->basstate & BS_B1OPEN))
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_CLOSE_B2CHANNEL:
-               if (!(atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B2OPEN))
+               if (!(ucs->basstate & BS_B2OPEN))
                        ucs->pending = 0;
                break;
        case HD_DEVICE_INIT_ACK:                /* no reply expected */
        int state;
 
        spin_lock_irqsave(&ucs->lock, flags);
-       state = atomic_read(&ucs->basstate);
-       atomic_set(&ucs->basstate, (state & ~clear) | set);
+       state = ucs->basstate;
+       ucs->basstate = (state & ~clear) | set;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ucs->lock, flags);
        return state;
 }
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status = 0;
                        urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length = 0;
                }
-               if (likely(atomic_read(&ubc->running))) {
+               if (likely(ubc->running)) {
                        /* urb->dev is clobbered by USB subsystem */
                        urb->dev = bcs->cs->hw.bas->udev;
                        urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP;
                bcs->inputstate |= INS_flag_hunt;
 
        /* submit all isochronous input URBs */
-       atomic_set(&ubc->running, 1);
+       ubc->running = 1;
        for (k = 0; k < BAS_INURBS; k++) {
                urb = ubc->isoinurbs[k];
                if (!urb) {
 {
        int k, rc;
 
-       atomic_set(&ubc->running, 0);
+       ubc->running = 0;
 
        for (k = 0; k < BAS_INURBS; ++k) {
                rc = usb_unlink_urb(ubc->isoinurbs[k]);
                        }
                        break;
                }
-               ucx->limit = atomic_read(&ubc->isooutbuf->nextread);
+               ucx->limit = ubc->isooutbuf->nextread;
                ifd->status = 0;
                ifd->actual_length = 0;
        }
 
        /* loop while completed URBs arrive in time */
        for (;;) {
-               if (unlikely(!(atomic_read(&ubc->running)))) {
+               if (unlikely(!(ubc->running))) {
                        gig_dbg(DEBUG_ISO, "%s: not running", __func__);
                        return;
                }
 
                /* mark the write buffer area covered by this URB as free */
                if (done->limit >= 0)
-                       atomic_set(&ubc->isooutbuf->read, done->limit);
+                       ubc->isooutbuf->read = done->limit;
 
                /* mark URB as free */
                spin_lock_irqsave(&ubc->isooutlock, flags);
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ubc->isoinlock, flags);
 
-               if (unlikely(!(atomic_read(&ubc->running)))) {
+               if (unlikely(!(ubc->running))) {
                        gig_dbg(DEBUG_ISO,
                                "%s: channel not running, "
                                "dropped URB with status: %s",
        default:                                /* any failure */
                /* don't retry if suspend requested */
                if (++ucs->retry_ctrl > BAS_RETRY ||
-                   (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_SUSPEND)) {
+                   (ucs->basstate & BS_SUSPEND)) {
                        dev_err(&ucs->interface->dev,
                                "control request 0x%02x failed: %s\n",
                                ucs->dr_ctrl.bRequest,
                return -ENODEV;
        }
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->hw.bas->basstate) & BS_SUSPEND) {
+       if (cs->hw.bas->basstate & BS_SUSPEND) {
                dev_notice(cs->dev,
                           "not starting isochronous I/O, "
                           "suspend in progress\n");
                return -ENODEV;
        }
 
-       if (!(atomic_read(&cs->hw.bas->basstate) &
-             (bcs->channel ? BS_B2OPEN : BS_B1OPEN))) {
+       if (!(cs->hw.bas->basstate & (bcs->channel ? BS_B2OPEN : BS_B1OPEN))) {
                /* channel not running: just signal common.c */
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
                gigaset_bchannel_down(bcs);
                                 ucs->retry_cmd_out);
                        break;
                }
-               if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_SUSPEND) {
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_SUSPEND) {
                        dev_warn(cs->dev,
                                 "command write: %s, "
                                 "won't retry - suspend requested\n",
        int retval = 0;
 
        /* check if suspend requested */
-       if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_SUSPEND) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & BS_SUSPEND) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_TRANSCMD|DEBUG_LOCKCMD, "suspending");
                return -EHOSTUNREACH;
        }
 
        /* check if AT channel is open */
-       if (!(atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_ATOPEN)) {
+       if (!(ucs->basstate & BS_ATOPEN)) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_TRANSCMD|DEBUG_LOCKCMD, "AT channel not open");
                rc = req_submit(cs->bcs, HD_OPEN_ATCHANNEL, 0, BAS_TIMEOUT);
                if (rc < 0) {
        /* try to send first command in queue */
        spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->cmdlock, flags);
 
-       while ((cb = cs->cmdbuf) != NULL &&
-              atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_ATREADY) {
+       while ((cb = cs->cmdbuf) != NULL && (ucs->basstate & BS_ATREADY)) {
                ucs->retry_cmd_out = 0;
                rc = atwrite_submit(cs, cb->buf, cb->len);
                if (unlikely(rc)) {
        unsigned long flags;
        int rc;
 
-       gigaset_dbg_buffer(atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED ?
+       gigaset_dbg_buffer(cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED ?
                             DEBUG_TRANSCMD : DEBUG_LOCKCMD,
                           "CMD Transmit", len, buf);
 
                return 0;
 
        /* kill URBs and tasklets before freeing - better safe than sorry */
-       atomic_set(&ubc->running, 0);
+       ubc->running = 0;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INIT, "%s: killing iso URBs", __func__);
        for (i = 0; i < BAS_OUTURBS; ++i) {
                usb_kill_urb(ubc->isoouturbs[i].urb);
                return 0;
        }
 
-       atomic_set(&ubc->running, 0);
+       ubc->running = 0;
        atomic_set(&ubc->corrbytes, 0);
        spin_lock_init(&ubc->isooutlock);
        for (i = 0; i < BAS_OUTURBS; ++i) {
 {
        struct bas_bc_state *ubc = bcs->hw.bas;
 
-       atomic_set(&bcs->hw.bas->running, 0);
+       bcs->hw.bas->running = 0;
        atomic_set(&bcs->hw.bas->corrbytes, 0);
        bcs->hw.bas->numsub = 0;
        spin_lock_init(&ubc->isooutlock);
        spin_lock_init(&ucs->lock);
        ucs->pending = 0;
 
-       atomic_set(&ucs->basstate, 0);
+       ucs->basstate = 0;
        init_timer(&ucs->timer_ctrl);
        init_timer(&ucs->timer_atrdy);
        init_timer(&ucs->timer_cmd_in);
 
        /* tell common part that the device is ready */
        if (startmode == SM_LOCKED)
-               atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_LOCKED);
+               cs->mstate = MS_LOCKED;
 
        /* save address of controller structure */
        usb_set_intfdata(interface, cs);
        dev_info(cs->dev, "disconnecting Gigaset base\n");
 
        /* mark base as not ready, all channels disconnected */
-       atomic_set(&ucs->basstate, 0);
+       ucs->basstate = 0;
 
        /* tell LL all channels are down */
        for (j = 0; j < BAS_CHANNELS; ++j)
 {
        struct cardstate *cs = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
        struct bas_cardstate *ucs = cs->hw.bas;
-       int basstate;
        int rc;
 
        /* set suspend flag; this stops AT command/response traffic */
 
        /* wait a bit for blocking conditions to go away */
        rc = wait_event_timeout(ucs->waitqueue,
-                       !(atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) &
+                       !(ucs->basstate &
                          (BS_B1OPEN|BS_B2OPEN|BS_ATRDPEND|BS_ATWRPEND)),
                        BAS_TIMEOUT*HZ/10);
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_SUSPEND, "wait_event_timeout() -> %d", rc);
 
        /* check for conditions preventing suspend */
-       basstate = atomic_read(&ucs->basstate);
-       if (basstate & (BS_B1OPEN|BS_B2OPEN|BS_ATRDPEND|BS_ATWRPEND)) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & (BS_B1OPEN|BS_B2OPEN|BS_ATRDPEND|BS_ATWRPEND)) {
                dev_warn(cs->dev, "cannot suspend:\n");
-               if (basstate & BS_B1OPEN)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_B1OPEN)
                        dev_warn(cs->dev, " B channel 1 open\n");
-               if (basstate & BS_B2OPEN)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_B2OPEN)
                        dev_warn(cs->dev, " B channel 2 open\n");
-               if (basstate & BS_ATRDPEND)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_ATRDPEND)
                        dev_warn(cs->dev, " receiving AT reply\n");
-               if (basstate & BS_ATWRPEND)
+               if (ucs->basstate & BS_ATWRPEND)
                        dev_warn(cs->dev, " sending AT command\n");
                update_basstate(ucs, 0, BS_SUSPEND);
                return -EBUSY;
        }
 
        /* close AT channel if open */
-       if (basstate & BS_ATOPEN) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & BS_ATOPEN) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_SUSPEND, "closing AT channel");
                rc = req_submit(cs->bcs, HD_CLOSE_ATCHANNEL, 0, 0);
                if (rc) {
        /* from now on, no isdn callback should be possible */
 
        /* close all still open channels */
-       if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B1OPEN) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & BS_B1OPEN) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INIT, "closing B1 channel");
                usb_control_msg(ucs->udev, usb_sndctrlpipe(ucs->udev, 0),
                                HD_CLOSE_B1CHANNEL, OUT_VENDOR_REQ, 0, 0,
                                NULL, 0, BAS_TIMEOUT);
        }
-       if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_B2OPEN) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & BS_B2OPEN) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INIT, "closing B2 channel");
                usb_control_msg(ucs->udev, usb_sndctrlpipe(ucs->udev, 0),
                                HD_CLOSE_B2CHANNEL, OUT_VENDOR_REQ, 0, 0,
                                NULL, 0, BAS_TIMEOUT);
        }
-       if (atomic_read(&ucs->basstate) & BS_ATOPEN) {
+       if (ucs->basstate & BS_ATOPEN) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INIT, "closing AT channel");
                usb_control_msg(ucs->udev, usb_sndctrlpipe(ucs->udev, 0),
                                HD_CLOSE_ATCHANNEL, OUT_VENDOR_REQ, 0, 0,
                                NULL, 0, BAS_TIMEOUT);
        }
-       atomic_set(&ucs->basstate, 0);
+       ucs->basstate = 0;
 
        /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
        usb_deregister(&gigaset_usb_driver);
 
                               struct cardstate *cs, int inputstate)
 /* inbuf->read must be allocated before! */
 {
-       atomic_set(&inbuf->head, 0);
-       atomic_set(&inbuf->tail, 0);
+       inbuf->head = 0;
+       inbuf->tail = 0;
        inbuf->cs = cs;
        inbuf->bcs = bcs; /*base driver: NULL*/
-       inbuf->rcvbuf = NULL; //FIXME
+       inbuf->rcvbuf = NULL;
        inbuf->inputstate = inputstate;
 }
 
                return 0;
 
        bytesleft = numbytes;
-       tail = atomic_read(&inbuf->tail);
-       head = atomic_read(&inbuf->head);
+       tail = inbuf->tail;
+       head = inbuf->head;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "buffer state: %u -> %u", head, tail);
 
        while (bytesleft) {
                src += n;
        }
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "setting tail to %u", tail);
-       atomic_set(&inbuf->tail, tail);
+       inbuf->tail = tail;
        return numbytes != bytesleft;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gigaset_fill_inbuf);
 
        tasklet_init(&cs->event_tasklet, &gigaset_handle_event,
                     (unsigned long) cs);
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 0);
+       cs->commands_pending = 0;
        cs->cur_at_seq = 0;
        cs->gotfwver = -1;
        cs->open_count = 0;
        init_waitqueue_head(&cs->waitqueue);
        cs->waiting = 0;
 
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_UNINITIALIZED);
+       cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
+       cs->mstate = MS_UNINITIALIZED;
 
        for (i = 0; i < channels; ++i) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INIT, "setting up bcs[%d].read", i);
 
        spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->lock, flags);
 
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_UNINITIALIZED);
+       cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
+       cs->mstate = MS_UNINITIALIZED;
 
        clear_at_state(&cs->at_state);
        dealloc_at_states(cs);
        kfree(cs->inbuf->rcvbuf);
        cs->inbuf->rcvbuf = NULL;
        cs->inbuf->inputstate = INS_command;
-       atomic_set(&cs->inbuf->head, 0);
-       atomic_set(&cs->inbuf->tail, 0);
+       cs->inbuf->head = 0;
+       cs->inbuf->tail = 0;
 
        cb = cs->cmdbuf;
        while (cb) {
        cs->gotfwver = -1;
        cs->dle = 0;
        cs->cur_at_seq = 0;
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 0);
+       cs->commands_pending = 0;
        cs->cbytes = 0;
 
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
        cs->connected = 1;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED) {
+       if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED) {
                cs->ops->set_modem_ctrl(cs, 0, TIOCM_DTR|TIOCM_RTS);
                cs->ops->baud_rate(cs, B115200);
                cs->ops->set_line_ctrl(cs, CS8);
 
        /* revert to selected idle mode */
        if (!cs->cidmode) {
                cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_UMMODE;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1); //FIXME
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_UMMODE");
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
        struct at_state_t *at_state;
 
        cs->at_state.pending_commands &= ~PC_INIT;
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, mode);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_UNINITIALIZED);
+       cs->mode = mode;
+       cs->mstate = MS_UNINITIALIZED;
        gigaset_free_channels(cs);
        for (i = 0; i < cs->channels; ++i) {
                at_state = &cs->bcs[i].at_state;
                if (at_state->pending_commands & PC_CID) {
                        at_state->pending_commands &= ~PC_CID;
                        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_NOCID;
-                       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                       cs->commands_pending = 1;
                }
        }
 }
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "not scheduling PC_INIT again");
                return;
        }
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, state);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
+       cs->mstate = state;
+       cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
        gigaset_block_channels(cs);
        cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_INIT;
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+       cs->commands_pending = 1;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_INIT");
 }
 
 
        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_CID;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_CID");
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+       cs->commands_pending = 1;
        return;
 
 error:
        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_NOCID;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_NOCID");
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+       cs->commands_pending = 1;
        return;
 }
 
        if (retval == 0) {
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_ACCEPT;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_ACCEPT");
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
        } else {
-               //FIXME
+               /* error reset */
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_HUP");
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
        }
 }
 
 {
        gigaset_free_channels(cs);
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED)
+       if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED)
                schedule_init(cs, MS_INIT);
 
        cs->isdn_up = 1;
 
 static void finish_shutdown(struct cardstate *cs)
 {
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED) {
-               atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_UNINITIALIZED);
-               atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
+       if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED) {
+               cs->mstate = MS_UNINITIALIZED;
+               cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
        }
 
        /* Tell the LL that the device is not available .. */
 {
        gigaset_block_channels(cs);
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_READY) {
-               atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_SHUTDOWN);
+       if (cs->mstate == MS_READY) {
+               cs->mstate = MS_SHUTDOWN;
                cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_SHUTDOWN;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_SHUTDOWN");
        } else
                finish_shutdown(cs);
                 * In fact it doesn't.
                 */
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                break;
        }
 }
        int mode;
        int i;
 
-       switch (atomic_read(&cs->mstate)) {
+       switch (cs->mstate) {
        case MS_UNINITIALIZED:
        case MS_READY:
                if (cs->cur_at_seq || !list_empty(&cs->temp_at_states) ||
                return -EBUSY;
        }
 
-       mode = atomic_read(&cs->mode);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_LOCKED);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
+       mode = cs->mode;
+       cs->mstate = MS_LOCKED;
+       cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
 
        return mode;
 }
 
 static int do_unlock(struct cardstate *cs)
 {
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED)
+       if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED)
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_UNINITIALIZED);
-       atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNKNOWN);
+       cs->mstate = MS_UNINITIALIZED;
+       cs->mode = M_UNKNOWN;
        gigaset_free_channels(cs);
        if (cs->connected)
                schedule_init(cs, MS_INIT);
        case ACT_INIT:
                cs->at_state.pending_commands &= ~PC_INIT;
                cs->cur_at_seq = SEQ_NONE;
-               atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNIMODEM);
+               cs->mode = M_UNIMODEM;
                spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->lock, flags);
                if (!cs->cidmode) {
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
                        gigaset_free_channels(cs);
-                       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_READY);
+                       cs->mstate = MS_READY;
                        break;
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
                cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_CIDMODE;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_CIDMODE");
                break;
        case ACT_FAILINIT:
                        | INS_command;
                break;
        case ACT_CMODESET:
-               if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_INIT ||
-                   atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_RECOVER) {
+               if (cs->mstate == MS_INIT || cs->mstate == MS_RECOVER) {
                        gigaset_free_channels(cs);
-                       atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_READY);
+                       cs->mstate = MS_READY;
                }
-               atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_CID);
+               cs->mode = M_CID;
                cs->cur_at_seq = SEQ_NONE;
                break;
        case ACT_UMODESET:
-               atomic_set(&cs->mode, M_UNIMODEM);
+               cs->mode = M_UNIMODEM;
                cs->cur_at_seq = SEQ_NONE;
                break;
        case ACT_FAILCMODE:
                cs->cur_at_seq = SEQ_NONE;
-               if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_INIT ||
-                   atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_RECOVER) {
+               if (cs->mstate == MS_INIT || cs->mstate == MS_RECOVER) {
                        init_failed(cs, M_UNKNOWN);
                        break;
                }
        case ACT_CONNECT:
                if (cs->onechannel) {
                        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_DLE1;
-                       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                       cs->commands_pending = 1;
                        break;
                }
                bcs->chstate |= CHS_D_UP;
                         * DLE only used for M10x with one B channel.
                         */
                        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_DLE0;
-                       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                       cs->commands_pending = 1;
                } else
                        disconnect(p_at_state);
                break;
                         "Could not enter DLE mode. Trying to hang up.\n");
                channel = cs->curchannel;
                cs->bcs[channel].at_state.pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                break;
 
        case ACT_CID: /* got cid; start dialing */
                        cs->bcs[channel].at_state.cid = ev->parameter;
                        cs->bcs[channel].at_state.pending_commands |=
                                PC_DIAL;
-                       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                       cs->commands_pending = 1;
                        break;
                }
                /* fall through */
        case ACT_ABORTDIAL:     /* error/timeout during dial preparation */
                cs->cur_at_seq = SEQ_NONE;
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                break;
 
        case ACT_REMOTEREJECT:  /* DISCONNECT_IND after dialling */
        case ACT_CONNTIMEOUT:   /* timeout waiting for ZSAU=ACTIVE */
        case ACT_REMOTEHUP:     /* DISCONNECT_IND with established connection */
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                break;
        case ACT_GETSTRING: /* warning: RING, ZDLE, ...
                               are not handled properly anymore */
                break;
        case ACT_HUP:
                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_HUP");
                break;
 
                                cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_UMMODE;
                                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_UMMODE");
                        }
-                       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                       cs->commands_pending = 1;
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
                cs->waiting = 0;
        int sequence;
        unsigned long flags;
 
-       atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 0);
+       cs->commands_pending = 0;
 
        if (cs->cur_at_seq) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "not searching scheduled commands: busy");
                                ~(PC_DLE1 | PC_ACCEPT | PC_DIAL);
                        if (at_state->cid > 0)
                                at_state->pending_commands |= PC_HUP;
-                       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_RECOVER) {
+                       if (cs->mstate == MS_RECOVER) {
                                if (at_state->pending_commands & PC_CID) {
                                        at_state->pending_commands |= PC_NOCID;
                                        at_state->pending_commands &= ~PC_CID;
        if (cs->at_state.pending_commands == PC_UMMODE
            && !cs->cidmode
            && list_empty(&cs->temp_at_states)
-           && atomic_read(&cs->mode) == M_CID) {
+           && cs->mode == M_CID) {
                sequence = SEQ_UMMODE;
                at_state = &cs->at_state;
                for (i = 0; i < cs->channels; ++i) {
        }
        if (cs->at_state.pending_commands & PC_CIDMODE) {
                cs->at_state.pending_commands &= ~PC_CIDMODE;
-               if (atomic_read(&cs->mode) == M_UNIMODEM) {
+               if (cs->mode == M_UNIMODEM) {
                        cs->retry_count = 1;
                        schedule_sequence(cs, &cs->at_state, SEQ_CIDMODE);
                        return;
                        return;
                }
                if (bcs->at_state.pending_commands & PC_CID) {
-                       switch (atomic_read(&cs->mode)) {
+                       switch (cs->mode) {
                        case M_UNIMODEM:
                                cs->at_state.pending_commands |= PC_CIDMODE;
                                gig_dbg(DEBUG_CMD, "Scheduling PC_CIDMODE");
-                               atomic_set(&cs->commands_pending, 1);
+                               cs->commands_pending = 1;
                                return;
 #ifdef GIG_MAYINITONDIAL
                        case M_UNKNOWN:
        for (i = 0; i < 2 * MAX_EVENTS; ++i) {
                tail = cs->ev_tail;
                if (tail == head) {
-                       if (!check_flags && !atomic_read(&cs->commands_pending))
+                       if (!check_flags && !cs->commands_pending)
                                break;
                        check_flags = 0;
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->ev_lock, flags);
                        spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->ev_lock, flags);
                        tail = cs->ev_tail;
                        if (tail == head) {
-                               if (!atomic_read(&cs->commands_pending))
+                               if (!cs->commands_pending)
                                        break;
                                continue;
                        }
        struct cardstate *cs = (struct cardstate *) data;
 
        /* handle incoming data on control/common channel */
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->inbuf->head) != atomic_read(&cs->inbuf->tail)) {
+       if (cs->inbuf->head != cs->inbuf->tail) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "processing new data");
                cs->ops->handle_input(cs->inbuf);
        }
 
        struct bc_state         *bcs;
        struct cardstate        *cs;
        int                     inputstate;
-       atomic_t                head, tail;
+       int                     head, tail;
        unsigned char           data[RBUFSIZE];
 };
 
  *   are also filled with that value
  */
 struct isowbuf_t {
-       atomic_t        read;
-       atomic_t        nextread;
-       atomic_t        write;
+       int             read;
+       int             nextread;
+       int             write;
        atomic_t        writesem;
        int             wbits;
        unsigned char   data[BAS_OUTBUFSIZE + BAS_OUTBUFPAD];
        /* Stuff to handle communication */
        wait_queue_head_t waitqueue;
        int waiting;
-       atomic_t mode;                  /* see M_XXXX */
-       atomic_t mstate;                /* Modem state: see MS_XXXX */
+       int mode;                       /* see M_XXXX */
+       int mstate;                     /* Modem state: see MS_XXXX */
                                        /* only changed by the event layer */
        int cmd_result;
 
                                           processed */
        int curchannel;                 /* channel those commands are meant
                                           for */
-       atomic_t commands_pending;      /* flag(s) in xxx.commands_pending have
+       int commands_pending;           /* flag(s) in xxx.commands_pending have
                                           been set */
        struct tasklet_struct event_tasklet;
                                        /* tasklet for serializing AT commands.
 
 struct bas_bc_state {
        /* isochronous output state */
-       atomic_t        running;
+       int             running;
        atomic_t        corrbytes;
        spinlock_t      isooutlock;
        struct isow_urbctx_t    isoouturbs[BAS_OUTURBS];
 
                return -EINVAL;
 
        if (cmd < 0) {
-               *arg = atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_LOCKED; //FIXME remove?
+               *arg = cs->mstate == MS_LOCKED;
                return 0;
        }
 
-       if (!cmd && atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_LOCKED
-           && cs->connected) {
+       if (!cmd && cs->mstate == MS_LOCKED && cs->connected) {
                cs->ops->set_modem_ctrl(cs, 0, TIOCM_DTR|TIOCM_RTS);
                cs->ops->baud_rate(cs, B115200);
                cs->ops->set_line_ctrl(cs, CS8);
        if (*arg != 1)
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED)
+       if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED)
                return -EBUSY;
 
        if (!cs->connected) {
 
        if (!cs->open_count)
                warn("%s: device not opened", __func__);
-       else if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED) {
+       else if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED) {
                warn("can't write to unlocked device");
                retval = -EBUSY;
        } else if (!cs->connected) {
 
        if (!cs->open_count)
                warn("%s: device not opened", __func__);
-       else if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED) {
+       else if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED) {
                warn("can't write to unlocked device");
-               retval = -EBUSY; //FIXME
+               retval = -EBUSY;
        } else if (!cs->connected) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_ANY, "can't write to unplugged device");
                retval = -EBUSY; //FIXME
 
        if (!cs->open_count)
                warn("%s: device not opened", __func__);
-       else if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED) {
+       else if (cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED) {
                warn("can't write to unlocked device");
                retval = -EBUSY;
        } else if (!cs->connected) {
 
  */
 void gigaset_isowbuf_init(struct isowbuf_t *iwb, unsigned char idle)
 {
-       atomic_set(&iwb->read, 0);
-       atomic_set(&iwb->nextread, 0);
-       atomic_set(&iwb->write, 0);
+       iwb->read = 0;
+       iwb->nextread = 0;
+       iwb->write = 0;
        atomic_set(&iwb->writesem, 1);
        iwb->wbits = 0;
        iwb->idle = idle;
 {
        int read, write, freebytes;
 
-       read = atomic_read(&iwb->read);
-       write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       read = iwb->read;
+       write = iwb->write;
        if ((freebytes = read - write) > 0) {
                /* no wraparound: need padding space within regular area */
                return freebytes - BAS_OUTBUFPAD;
        int read;
        if (a == b)
                return 0;
-       read = atomic_read(&iwb->read);
+       read = iwb->read;
        if (a < b) {
                if (a < read && read <= b)
                        return +1;
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIGASET_DEBUG
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_ISO,
                "%s: acquired iso write semaphore, data[write]=%02x, nbits=%d",
-               __func__, iwb->data[atomic_read(&iwb->write)], iwb->wbits);
+               __func__, iwb->data[iwb->write], iwb->wbits);
 #endif
        return 1;
 }
 
 /* finish writing
- * release the write semaphore and update the maximum buffer fill level
+ * release the write semaphore
  * returns the current write position
  */
 static inline int isowbuf_donewrite(struct isowbuf_t *iwb)
 {
-       int write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       int write = iwb->write;
        atomic_inc(&iwb->writesem);
        return write;
 }
  */
 static inline void isowbuf_putbits(struct isowbuf_t *iwb, u32 data, int nbits)
 {
-       int write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       int write = iwb->write;
        data <<= iwb->wbits;
        data |= iwb->data[write];
        nbits += iwb->wbits;
        }
        iwb->wbits = nbits;
        iwb->data[write] = data & 0xff;
-       atomic_set(&iwb->write, write);
+       iwb->write = write;
 }
 
 /* put final flag on HDLC bitstream
        /* add two flags, thus reliably covering one byte */
        isowbuf_putbits(iwb, 0x7e7e, 8);
        /* recover the idle flag byte */
-       write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       write = iwb->write;
        iwb->idle = iwb->data[write];
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_ISO, "idle fill byte %02x", iwb->idle);
        /* mask extraneous bits in buffer */
        int read, write, limit, src, dst;
        unsigned char pbyte;
 
-       read = atomic_read(&iwb->nextread);
-       write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       read = iwb->nextread;
+       write = iwb->write;
        if (likely(read == write)) {
                /* return idle frame */
                return read < BAS_OUTBUFPAD ?
                err("invalid size %d", size);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
-       src = atomic_read(&iwb->read);
+       src = iwb->read;
        if (unlikely(limit > BAS_OUTBUFSIZE + BAS_OUTBUFPAD ||
                     (read < src && limit >= src))) {
                err("isoc write buffer frame reservation violated");
                        if (!isowbuf_startwrite(iwb))
                                return -EBUSY;
                        /* write position could have changed */
-                       if (limit >= (write = atomic_read(&iwb->write))) {
+                       write = iwb->write;
+                       if (limit >= write) {
                                pbyte = iwb->data[write]; /* save
                                                             partial byte */
                                limit = write + BAS_OUTBUFPAD;
                                        __func__, pbyte, limit);
                                iwb->data[limit] = pbyte; /* restore
                                                             partial byte */
-                               atomic_set(&iwb->write, limit);
+                               iwb->write = limit;
                        }
                        isowbuf_donewrite(iwb);
                }
                        limit = src;
                }
        }
-       atomic_set(&iwb->nextread, limit);
+       iwb->nextread = limit;
        return read;
 }
 
        unsigned char c;
 
        if (unlikely(count <= 0))
-               return atomic_read(&iwb->write); /* better ideas? */
+               return iwb->write;
 
        if (isowbuf_freebytes(iwb) < count ||
            !isowbuf_startwrite(iwb)) {
        }
 
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_STREAM, "put %d bytes", count);
-       write = atomic_read(&iwb->write);
+       write = iwb->write;
        do {
                c = bitrev8(*in++);
                iwb->data[write++] = c;
                write %= BAS_OUTBUFSIZE;
        } while (--count > 0);
-       atomic_set(&iwb->write, write);
+       iwb->write = write;
        iwb->idle = c;
 
        return isowbuf_donewrite(iwb);
        unsigned tail, head, numbytes;
        unsigned char *src;
 
-       head = atomic_read(&inbuf->head);
-       while (head != (tail = atomic_read(&inbuf->tail))) {
+       head = inbuf->head;
+       while (head != (tail = inbuf->tail)) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "buffer state: %u -> %u", head, tail);
                if (head > tail)
                        tail = RBUFSIZE;
                numbytes = tail - head;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "processing %u bytes", numbytes);
 
-               if (atomic_read(&cs->mstate) == MS_LOCKED) {
+               if (cs->mstate == MS_LOCKED) {
                        gigaset_dbg_buffer(DEBUG_LOCKCMD, "received response",
                                           numbytes, src);
                        gigaset_if_receive(inbuf->cs, src, numbytes);
                if (head == RBUFSIZE)
                        head = 0;
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "setting head to %u", head);
-               atomic_set(&inbuf->head, head);
+               inbuf->head = head;
        }
 }
 
 
        struct cmdbuf_t *cb;
        unsigned long flags;
 
-       gigaset_dbg_buffer(atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED ?
+       gigaset_dbg_buffer(cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED ?
                             DEBUG_TRANSCMD : DEBUG_LOCKCMD,
                           "CMD Transmit", len, buf);
 
         * startup system and notify the LL that we are ready to run
         */
        if (startmode == SM_LOCKED)
-               atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_LOCKED);
+               cs->mstate = MS_LOCKED;
        if (!gigaset_start(cs)) {
                tasklet_kill(&cs->write_tasklet);
                goto error;
                return;
        }
 
-       tail = atomic_read(&inbuf->tail);
-       head = atomic_read(&inbuf->head);
+       tail = inbuf->tail;
+       head = inbuf->head;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "buffer state: %u -> %u, receive %u bytes",
                head, tail, count);
 
        }
 
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "setting tail to %u", tail);
-       atomic_set(&inbuf->tail, tail);
+       inbuf->tail = tail;
 
        /* Everything was received .. Push data into handler */
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_INTR, "%s-->BH", __func__);
 
 struct usb_cardstate {
        struct usb_device       *udev;          /* usb device pointer */
        struct usb_interface    *interface;     /* interface for this device */
-       atomic_t                busy;           /* bulk output in progress */
+       int                     busy;           /* bulk output in progress */
 
        /* Output buffer */
        unsigned char           *bulk_out_buffer;
 
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_OUTPUT, "modem_fill");
 
-       if (atomic_read(&cs->hw.usb->busy)) {
+       if (cs->hw.usb->busy) {
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_OUTPUT, "modem_fill: busy");
                return;
        }
                break;
        case -ENOENT:           /* killed */
                gig_dbg(DEBUG_ANY, "%s: killed", __func__);
-               atomic_set(&cs->hw.usb->busy, 0);
+               cs->hw.usb->busy = 0;
                return;
        default:
                dev_err(cs->dev, "bulk transfer failed (status %d)\n",
        if (!cs->connected) {
                err("%s: not connected", __func__);
        } else {
-               atomic_set(&cs->hw.usb->busy, 0);
+               cs->hw.usb->busy = 0;
                tasklet_schedule(&cs->write_tasklet);
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
 
                        cb->offset += count;
                        cb->len -= count;
-                       atomic_set(&ucs->busy, 1);
+                       ucs->busy = 1;
 
                        spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->lock, flags);
                        status = cs->connected ? usb_submit_urb(ucs->bulk_out_urb, GFP_ATOMIC) : -ENODEV;
                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cs->lock, flags);
 
                        if (status) {
-                               atomic_set(&ucs->busy, 0);
+                               ucs->busy = 0;
                                err("could not submit urb (error %d)\n",
                                    -status);
                                cb->len = 0; /* skip urb => remove cb+wakeup
        struct cmdbuf_t *cb;
        unsigned long flags;
 
-       gigaset_dbg_buffer(atomic_read(&cs->mstate) != MS_LOCKED ?
+       gigaset_dbg_buffer(cs->mstate != MS_LOCKED ?
                             DEBUG_TRANSCMD : DEBUG_LOCKCMD,
                           "CMD Transmit", len, buf);
 
        count = min(bcs->tx_skb->len, (unsigned) ucs->bulk_out_size);
        skb_copy_from_linear_data(bcs->tx_skb, ucs->bulk_out_buffer, count);
        skb_pull(bcs->tx_skb, count);
-       atomic_set(&ucs->busy, 1);
+       ucs->busy = 1;
        gig_dbg(DEBUG_OUTPUT, "write_modem: send %d bytes", count);
 
        spin_lock_irqsave(&cs->lock, flags);
 
        if (ret) {
                err("could not submit urb (error %d)\n", -ret);
-               atomic_set(&ucs->busy, 0);
+               ucs->busy = 0;
        }
 
        if (!bcs->tx_skb->len) {
 
        endpoint = &hostif->endpoint[1].desc;
 
-       atomic_set(&ucs->busy, 0);
+       ucs->busy = 0;
 
        ucs->read_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ucs->read_urb) {
 
        /* tell common part that the device is ready */
        if (startmode == SM_LOCKED)
-               atomic_set(&cs->mstate, MS_LOCKED);
+               cs->mstate = MS_LOCKED;
 
        if (!gigaset_start(cs)) {
                tasklet_kill(&cs->write_tasklet);