Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() uses
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound
workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND.
This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues,
allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and
reducing noise when CPUs are isolated.
Explicitly add the WQ_UNBOUND flag to alloc_workqueue() users, marking
the workqueue unbound.
Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will
become the implicit default.
With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND),
any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND
must now use WQ_PERCPU.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250923145905.327269-2-marco.crivellari@suse.com
[use imperative voice in subject, fix typos]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
spin_lock_init(&card->lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->packets);
- card->workqueue = alloc_workqueue("libertas_sdio", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
+ card->workqueue = alloc_workqueue("libertas_sdio",
+ WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_UNBOUND, 0);
if (unlikely(!card->workqueue)) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto err_queue;
priv->fw_ready = 1;
/* Initialize interrupt handling stuff. */
- card->workqueue = alloc_workqueue("libertas_spi", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
+ card->workqueue = alloc_workqueue("libertas_spi",
+ WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_UNBOUND, 0);
if (!card->workqueue) {
err = -ENOMEM;
goto remove_card;
static int __init lbtf_init_module(void)
{
lbtf_deb_enter(LBTF_DEB_MAIN);
- lbtf_wq = alloc_workqueue("libertastf", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
+ lbtf_wq = alloc_workqueue("libertastf", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_UNBOUND, 0);
if (lbtf_wq == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "libertastf: couldn't create workqueue\n");
return -ENOMEM;