When a user offlines a VCPU and then onlines it, we get:
NMI watchdog disabled (cpu2): hardware events not enabled
BUG: scheduling while atomic: swapper/2/0/0x00000002
Modules linked in: dm_multipath dm_mod xen_evtchn iscsi_boot_sysfs iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi scsi_mod libcrc32c crc32c radeon fbco
 ttm bitblit softcursor drm_kms_helper xen_blkfront xen_netfront xen_fbfront fb_sys_fops sysimgblt sysfillrect syscopyarea xen_kbdfront xenfs [last unloaded:
Pid: 0, comm: swapper/2 Tainted: G           O 
3.2.0phase15.1-00003-gd6f7f5b-dirty #4
Call Trace:
 [<
ffffffff81070571>] __schedule_bug+0x61/0x70
 [<
ffffffff8158eb78>] __schedule+0x798/0x850
 [<
ffffffff8158ed6a>] schedule+0x3a/0x50
 [<
ffffffff810349be>] cpu_idle+0xbe/0xe0
 [<
ffffffff81583599>] cpu_bringup_and_idle+0xe/0x10
The reason for this should be obvious from this call-chain:
cpu_bringup_and_idle:
 \- cpu_bringup
  |   \-[preempt_disable]
  |
  |- cpu_idle
       \- play_dead [assuming the user offlined the VCPU]
       |     \
       |     +- (xen_play_dead)
       |          \- HYPERVISOR_VCPU_off [so VCPU is dead, once user
       |          |                       onlines it starts from here]
       |          \- cpu_bringup [preempt_disable]
       |
       +- preempt_enable_no_reschedule()
       +- schedule()
       \- preempt_enable()
So we have two preempt_disble() and one preempt_enable(). Calling
preempt_enable() after the cpu_bringup() in the xen_play_dead
fixes the imbalance.
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
 
        play_dead_common();
        HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_down, smp_processor_id(), NULL);
        cpu_bringup();
+       /*
+        * Balance out the preempt calls - as we are running in cpu_idle
+        * loop which has been called at bootup from cpu_bringup_and_idle.
+        * The cpucpu_bringup_and_idle called cpu_bringup which made a
+        * preempt_disable() So this preempt_enable will balance it out.
+        */
+       preempt_enable();
 }
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */