* (Includes HNP test device.)
                 */
                if (udev->bus->b_hnp_enable || udev->bus->is_b_host) {
-                       static int __usb_suspend_device (struct usb_device *,
-                                               int port1, pm_message_t state);
-                       err = __usb_suspend_device(udev,
-                                       udev->bus->otg_port,
-                                       PMSG_SUSPEND);
+                       static int __usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *,
+                                               int port1);
+                       err = __usb_suspend_device(udev, udev->bus->otg_port);
                        if (err < 0)
                                dev_dbg(&udev->dev, "HNP fail, %d\n", err);
                }
        /* FIXME let caller ask to power down the port:
         *  - some devices won't enumerate without a VBUS power cycle
         *  - SRP saves power that way
-        *  - usb_suspend_device(dev, PMSG_SUSPEND)
+        *  - ... new call, TBD ...
         * That's easy if this hub can switch power per-port, and
         * khubd reactivates the port later (timer, SRP, etc).
         * Powerdown must be optional, because of reset/DFU.
  * Other than re-initializing the hub (plug/unplug, except for root hubs),
  * Linux (2.6) currently has NO mechanisms to initiate that:  no khubd
  * timer, no SRP, no requests through sysfs.
+ *
+ * If CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND isn't enabled, devices only really suspend when
+ * the root hub for their bus goes into global suspend ... so we don't
+ * (falsely) update the device power state to say it suspended.
  */
-static int __usb_suspend_device (struct usb_device *udev, int port1,
-                                pm_message_t state)
+static int __usb_suspend_device (struct usb_device *udev, int port1)
 {
        int     status;
 
                                udev);
 
        if (status == 0)
-               udev->dev.power.power_state = state;
+               udev->dev.power.power_state = PMSG_SUSPEND;
        return status;
 }
 
 /**
  * usb_suspend_device - suspend a usb device
  * @udev: device that's no longer in active use
- * @state: PMSG_SUSPEND to suspend
  * Context: must be able to sleep; device not locked
  *
  * Suspends a USB device that isn't in active use, conserving power.
  * suspend by the host, using usb_resume_device().  It's also routine
  * to disconnect devices while they are suspended.
  *
+ * This only affects the USB hardware for a device; its interfaces
+ * (and, for hubs, child devices) must already have been suspended.
+ *
  * Suspending OTG devices may trigger HNP, if that's been enabled
  * between a pair of dual-role devices.  That will change roles, such
  * as from A-Host to A-Peripheral or from B-Host back to B-Peripheral.
  *
  * Returns 0 on success, else negative errno.
  */
-int usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t state)
+int usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev)
 {
        int     port1, status;
 
        if (port1 < 0)
                return port1;
 
-       status = __usb_suspend_device(udev, port1, state);
+       status = __usb_suspend_device(udev, port1);
        usb_unlock_device(udev);
        return status;
 }
 
 /*
+ * If the USB "suspend" state is in use (rather than "global suspend"),
+ * many devices will be individually taken out of suspend state using
+ * special" resume" signaling.  These routines kick in shortly after
  * hardware resume signaling is finished, either because of selective
  * resume (by host) or remote wakeup (by device) ... now see what changed
  * in the tree that's rooted at this device.
 
 #else  /* !CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND */
 
-int usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev, pm_message_t state)
+int usb_suspend_device(struct usb_device *udev)
 {
+       /* state does NOT lie by saying it's USB_STATE_SUSPENDED! */
        return 0;
 }
 
 int usb_resume_device(struct usb_device *udev)
 {
+       udev->dev.power_state.event = PM_EVENT_ON;
        return 0;
 }
 
 
                        usb_pipein (pipe) ? DMA_FROM_DEVICE : DMA_TO_DEVICE);
 }
 
+static int verify_suspended(struct device *dev, void *unused)
+{
+       return (dev->power.power_state.event == PM_EVENT_ON) ? -EBUSY : 0;
+}
+
 static int usb_generic_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t message)
 {
        struct usb_interface    *intf;
        struct usb_driver       *driver;
        int                     status;
 
-       if (dev->driver == &usb_generic_driver)
-               return usb_suspend_device (to_usb_device(dev), message);
+       /* USB devices enter SUSPEND state through their hubs, but can be
+        * marked for FREEZE as soon as their children are already idled.
+        */
+       if (dev->driver == &usb_generic_driver) {
+               if (dev->power.power_state.event == message.event)
+                       return 0;
+               /* we need to rule out bogus requests through sysfs */
+               status = device_for_each_child(dev, NULL, verify_suspended);
+               if (status)
+                       return status;
+               if (message.event == PM_EVENT_FREEZE) {
+                       dev->power.power_state = message;
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               return usb_suspend_device (to_usb_device(dev));
+       }
 
        if ((dev->driver == NULL) ||
            (dev->driver_data == &usb_generic_driver_data))