struct vfsmount *upper_mnt;
        unsigned numlower;
        struct vfsmount **lower_mnt;
+       /* workbasedir is the path at workdir= mount option */
+       struct dentry *workbasedir;
+       /* workdir is the 'work' directory under workbasedir */
        struct dentry *workdir;
        long namelen;
        /* pathnames of lower and upper dirs, for show_options */
 
        unsigned i;
 
        dput(ufs->workdir);
+       ovl_inuse_unlock(ufs->workbasedir);
+       dput(ufs->workbasedir);
+       if (ufs->upper_mnt)
+               ovl_inuse_unlock(ufs->upper_mnt->mnt_root);
        mntput(ufs->upper_mnt);
        for (i = 0; i < ufs->numlower; i++)
                mntput(ufs->lower_mnt[i]);
                if (err)
                        goto out_put_upperpath;
 
+               err = -EBUSY;
+               if (!ovl_inuse_trylock(upperpath.dentry)) {
+                       pr_err("overlayfs: upperdir is in-use by another mount\n");
+                       goto out_put_upperpath;
+               }
+
                err = ovl_mount_dir(ufs->config.workdir, &workpath);
                if (err)
-                       goto out_put_upperpath;
+                       goto out_unlock_upperdentry;
 
                err = -EINVAL;
                if (upperpath.mnt != workpath.mnt) {
                        pr_err("overlayfs: workdir and upperdir must be separate subtrees\n");
                        goto out_put_workpath;
                }
+
+               err = -EBUSY;
+               if (!ovl_inuse_trylock(workpath.dentry)) {
+                       pr_err("overlayfs: workdir is in-use by another mount\n");
+                       goto out_put_workpath;
+               }
+
+               ufs->workbasedir = workpath.dentry;
                sb->s_stack_depth = upperpath.mnt->mnt_sb->s_stack_depth;
        }
        err = -ENOMEM;
        lowertmp = kstrdup(ufs->config.lowerdir, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!lowertmp)
-               goto out_put_workpath;
+               goto out_unlock_workdentry;
 
        err = -EINVAL;
        stacklen = ovl_split_lowerdirs(lowertmp);
                        pr_err("overlayfs: failed to clone upperpath\n");
                        goto out_put_lowerpath;
                }
+
                /* Don't inherit atime flags */
                ufs->upper_mnt->mnt_flags &= ~(MNT_NOATIME | MNT_NODIRATIME | MNT_RELATIME);
 
        mntput(upperpath.mnt);
        for (i = 0; i < numlower; i++)
                mntput(stack[i].mnt);
-       path_put(&workpath);
+       mntput(workpath.mnt);
        kfree(lowertmp);
 
        if (upperpath.dentry) {
        kfree(stack);
 out_free_lowertmp:
        kfree(lowertmp);
+out_unlock_workdentry:
+       ovl_inuse_unlock(workpath.dentry);
 out_put_workpath:
        path_put(&workpath);
+out_unlock_upperdentry:
+       ovl_inuse_unlock(upperpath.dentry);
 out_put_upperpath:
        path_put(&upperpath);
 out_free_config: