* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <sysfs/libsysfs.h>
+#include <libudev.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "usbip_common.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "usbip.h"
+#include "sysfs_utils.h"
 
 enum unbind_status {
        UNBIND_ST_OK,
 /* call at unbound state */
 static int bind_usbip(char *busid)
 {
-       char bus_type[] = "usb";
        char attr_name[] = "bind";
-       char sysfs_mntpath[SYSFS_PATH_MAX];
        char bind_attr_path[SYSFS_PATH_MAX];
-       struct sysfs_attribute *bind_attr;
-       int failed = 0;
-       int rc, ret = -1;
-
-       rc = sysfs_get_mnt_path(sysfs_mntpath, SYSFS_PATH_MAX);
-       if (rc < 0) {
-               err("sysfs must be mounted: %s", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
+       int rc = -1;
 
        snprintf(bind_attr_path, sizeof(bind_attr_path), "%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s",
-                sysfs_mntpath, SYSFS_BUS_NAME, bus_type, SYSFS_DRIVERS_NAME,
-                USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME, attr_name);
+                SYSFS_MNT_PATH, SYSFS_BUS_NAME, SYSFS_BUS_TYPE,
+                SYSFS_DRIVERS_NAME, USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME, attr_name);
 
-       bind_attr = sysfs_open_attribute(bind_attr_path);
-       if (!bind_attr) {
-               dbg("problem getting bind attribute: %s", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       rc = sysfs_write_attribute(bind_attr, busid, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE);
+       rc = write_sysfs_attribute(bind_attr_path, busid, strlen(busid));
        if (rc < 0) {
-               dbg("bind driver at %s failed", busid);
-               failed = 1;
+               err("error binding device %s to driver: %s", busid,
+                   strerror(errno));
+               return -1;
        }
 
-       if (!failed)
-               ret = 0;
-
-       sysfs_close_attribute(bind_attr);
-
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* buggy driver may cause dead lock */
 static int unbind_other(char *busid)
 {
-       char bus_type[] = "usb";
-       struct sysfs_device *busid_dev;
-       struct sysfs_device *dev;
-       struct sysfs_driver *drv;
-       struct sysfs_attribute *unbind_attr;
-       struct sysfs_attribute *bDevClass;
-       int rc;
        enum unbind_status status = UNBIND_ST_OK;
 
-       busid_dev = sysfs_open_device(bus_type, busid);
-       if (!busid_dev) {
-               dbg("sysfs_open_device %s failed: %s", busid, strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-       dbg("busid path: %s", busid_dev->path);
+       char attr_name[] = "unbind";
+       char unbind_attr_path[SYSFS_PATH_MAX];
+       int rc = -1;
 
-       bDevClass  = sysfs_get_device_attr(busid_dev, "bDeviceClass");
-       if (!bDevClass) {
-               dbg("problem getting device attribute: %s",
-                   strerror(errno));
+       struct udev *udev;
+       struct udev_device *dev;
+       const char *driver;
+       const char *bDevClass;
+
+       /* Create libudev context. */
+       udev = udev_new();
+
+       /* Get the device. */
+       dev = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(udev, "usb", busid);
+       if (!dev) {
+               dbg("unable to find device with bus ID %s", busid);
                goto err_close_busid_dev;
        }
 
-       if (!strncmp(bDevClass->value, "09", bDevClass->len)) {
-               dbg("skip unbinding of hub");
+       /* Check what kind of device it is. */
+       bDevClass  = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "bDeviceClass");
+       if (!bDevClass) {
+               dbg("unable to get bDevClass device attribute");
                goto err_close_busid_dev;
        }
 
-       dev = sysfs_open_device(bus_type, busid);
-       if (!dev) {
-               dbg("could not open device: %s",
-                               strerror(errno));
+       if (!strncmp(bDevClass, "09", strlen(bDevClass))) {
+               dbg("skip unbinding of hub");
                goto err_close_busid_dev;
        }
 
-       dbg("%s -> %s", dev->name,  dev->driver_name);
-
-       if (!strncmp("unknown", dev->driver_name, SYSFS_NAME_LEN)) {
-               /* unbound interface */
-               sysfs_close_device(dev);
+       /* Get the device driver. */
+       driver = udev_device_get_driver(dev);
+       if (!driver) {
+               /* No driver bound to this device. */
                goto out;
        }
 
-       if (!strncmp(USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME, dev->driver_name,
-                               SYSFS_NAME_LEN)) {
-               /* already bound to usbip-host */
+       if (!strncmp(USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME, driver,
+                               strlen(USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME))) {
+               /* Already bound to usbip-host. */
                status = UNBIND_ST_USBIP_HOST;
-               sysfs_close_device(dev);
                goto out;
        }
 
-       /* unbinding */
-       drv = sysfs_open_driver(bus_type, dev->driver_name);
-       if (!drv) {
-               dbg("could not open device driver on %s: %s",
-                               dev->name, strerror(errno));
-               goto err_close_intf_dev;
-       }
-       dbg("device driver: %s", drv->path);
+       /* Unbind device from driver. */
+       snprintf(unbind_attr_path, sizeof(unbind_attr_path), "%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s",
+                SYSFS_MNT_PATH, SYSFS_BUS_NAME, SYSFS_BUS_TYPE,
+                SYSFS_DRIVERS_NAME, driver, attr_name);
 
-       unbind_attr = sysfs_get_driver_attr(drv, "unbind");
-       if (!unbind_attr) {
-               dbg("problem getting device driver attribute: %s",
-                               strerror(errno));
-               goto err_close_intf_drv;
-       }
-
-       rc = sysfs_write_attribute(unbind_attr, dev->bus_id,
-                       SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE);
+       rc = write_sysfs_attribute(unbind_attr_path, busid, strlen(busid));
        if (rc < 0) {
-               /* NOTE: why keep unbinding other interfaces? */
-               dbg("unbind driver at %s failed", dev->bus_id);
-               status = UNBIND_ST_FAILED;
+               err("error unbinding device %s from driver", busid);
+               goto err_close_busid_dev;
        }
 
-       sysfs_close_driver(drv);
-       sysfs_close_device(dev);
-
        goto out;
 
-err_close_intf_drv:
-       sysfs_close_driver(drv);
-err_close_intf_dev:
-       sysfs_close_device(dev);
 err_close_busid_dev:
        status = UNBIND_ST_FAILED;
 out:
-       sysfs_close_device(busid_dev);
+       udev_device_unref(dev);
+       udev_unref(udev);
 
        return status;
 }
 static int bind_device(char *busid)
 {
        int rc;
+       struct udev *udev;
+       struct udev_device *dev;
+
+       /* Check whether the device with this bus ID exists. */
+       udev = udev_new();
+       dev = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(udev, "usb", busid);
+       if (!dev) {
+               err("device with the specified bus ID does not exist");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       udev_unref(udev);
 
        rc = unbind_other(busid);
        if (rc == UNBIND_ST_FAILED) {
                return -1;
        }
 
-       printf("bind device on busid %s: complete\n", busid);
+       info("bind device on busid %s: complete", busid);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
  * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <sysfs/libsysfs.h>
-
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "usbip_common.h"
 #include "utils.h"
+#include "sysfs_utils.h"
 
 int modify_match_busid(char *busid, int add)
 {
-       char bus_type[] = "usb";
        char attr_name[] = "match_busid";
-       char buff[SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4];
-       char sysfs_mntpath[SYSFS_PATH_MAX];
+       char command[SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4];
        char match_busid_attr_path[SYSFS_PATH_MAX];
-       struct sysfs_attribute *match_busid_attr;
-       int rc, ret = 0;
-
-       if (strnlen(busid, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE) > SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE - 1) {
-               dbg("busid is too long");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       rc = sysfs_get_mnt_path(sysfs_mntpath, SYSFS_PATH_MAX);
-       if (rc < 0) {
-               err("sysfs must be mounted: %s", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
+       int rc;
 
        snprintf(match_busid_attr_path, sizeof(match_busid_attr_path),
-                "%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s", sysfs_mntpath, SYSFS_BUS_NAME, bus_type,
-                SYSFS_DRIVERS_NAME, USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME, attr_name);
-
-       match_busid_attr = sysfs_open_attribute(match_busid_attr_path);
-       if (!match_busid_attr) {
-               dbg("problem getting match_busid attribute: %s",
-                   strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
+                "%s/%s/%s/%s/%s/%s", SYSFS_MNT_PATH, SYSFS_BUS_NAME,
+                SYSFS_BUS_TYPE, SYSFS_DRIVERS_NAME, USBIP_HOST_DRV_NAME,
+                attr_name);
 
        if (add)
-               snprintf(buff, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4, "add %s", busid);
+               snprintf(command, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4, "add %s", busid);
        else
-               snprintf(buff, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4, "del %s", busid);
+               snprintf(command, SYSFS_BUS_ID_SIZE + 4, "del %s", busid);
 
-       dbg("write \"%s\" to %s", buff, match_busid_attr->path);
-
-       rc = sysfs_write_attribute(match_busid_attr, buff, sizeof(buff));
+       rc = write_sysfs_attribute(match_busid_attr_path, command,
+                                  sizeof(command));
        if (rc < 0) {
                dbg("failed to write match_busid: %s", strerror(errno));
-               ret = -1;
+               return -1;
        }
 
-       sysfs_close_attribute(match_busid_attr);
-
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }