]> www.infradead.org Git - users/dwmw2/linux.git/commitdiff
powerpc/64s: flush L1D after user accesses
authorNicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Thu, 19 Nov 2020 23:35:14 +0000 (10:35 +1100)
committerGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Sun, 22 Nov 2020 09:14:10 +0000 (10:14 +0100)
commit 9a32a7e78bd0cd9a9b6332cbdc345ee5ffd0c5de upstream.

IBM Power9 processors can speculatively operate on data in the L1 cache
before it has been completely validated, via a way-prediction mechanism. It
is not possible for an attacker to determine the contents of impermissible
memory using this method, since these systems implement a combination of
hardware and software security measures to prevent scenarios where
protected data could be leaked.

However these measures don't address the scenario where an attacker induces
the operating system to speculatively execute instructions using data that
the attacker controls. This can be used for example to speculatively bypass
"kernel user access prevention" techniques, as discovered by Anthony
Steinhauser of Google's Safeside Project. This is not an attack by itself,
but there is a possibility it could be used in conjunction with
side-channels or other weaknesses in the privileged code to construct an
attack.

This issue can be mitigated by flushing the L1 cache between privilege
boundaries of concern. This patch flushes the L1 cache after user accesses.

This is part of the fix for CVE-2020-4788.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
13 files changed:
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/kup-radix.h
arch/powerpc/include/asm/exception-64s.h
arch/powerpc/include/asm/feature-fixups.h
arch/powerpc/include/asm/kup.h
arch/powerpc/include/asm/security_features.h
arch/powerpc/include/asm/setup.h
arch/powerpc/kernel/exceptions-64s.S
arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c
arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
arch/powerpc/lib/feature-fixups.c
arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/setup.c
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/setup.c

index e1036ff037e6bb40e41fcbf28d8ae26dd27a1fbc..fea15cd49fbc7c0e5210b3bbacbe37ad3dbb7afd 100644 (file)
                                               tsx_async_abort=off [X86]
                                               kvm.nx_huge_pages=off [X86]
                                               no_entry_flush [PPC]
+                                              no_uaccess_flush [PPC]
 
                                Exceptions:
                                               This does not have any effect on
        nospec_store_bypass_disable
                        [HW] Disable all mitigations for the Speculative Store Bypass vulnerability
 
+       no_uaccess_flush
+                       [PPC] Don't flush the L1-D cache after accessing user data.
+
        noxsave         [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
                        and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
                        enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
index c8d1076e0ebbf81518b753373422adcc8b5fea49..394931798550fd1ee1da42050b34fbd7fc73aa26 100644 (file)
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
 
 #else /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
 
+DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(uaccess_flush_key);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_KUAP
 
 #include <asm/reg.h>
@@ -77,6 +79,17 @@ static inline void set_kuap(unsigned long value)
        isync();
 }
 
+static inline bool
+bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
+{
+       return WARN(mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_RADIX_KUAP) &&
+                   (regs->kuap & (is_write ? AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_WRITE : AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_READ)),
+                   "Bug: %s fault blocked by AMR!", is_write ? "Write" : "Read");
+}
+#else /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
+static inline void set_kuap(unsigned long value) { }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
+
 static __always_inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
                                              unsigned long size, unsigned long dir)
 {
@@ -94,17 +107,10 @@ static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
                                       unsigned long size, unsigned long dir)
 {
        set_kuap(AMR_KUAP_BLOCKED);
+       if (static_branch_unlikely(&uaccess_flush_key))
+               do_uaccess_flush();
 }
 
-static inline bool
-bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
-{
-       return WARN(mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_RADIX_KUAP) &&
-                   (regs->kuap & (is_write ? AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_WRITE : AMR_KUAP_BLOCK_READ)),
-                   "Bug: %s fault blocked by AMR!", is_write ? "Write" : "Read");
-}
-#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
-
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_KUP_RADIX_H */
index 82fc12ae32786296b59dc63166ee904b5fe8f574..6d0795d7b89c1f85752e4c11ada2453ee48e0da8 100644 (file)
        hrfid;                                                          \
        b       hrfi_flush_fallback
 
+#else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+/* Prototype for function defined in exceptions-64s.S */
+void do_uaccess_flush(void);
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_EXCEPTION_H */
index 06a48219bbf26d49cda28902b44296599c12ecab..fbd406cd6916c9451a766411724925a62d06933b 100644 (file)
@@ -205,6 +205,14 @@ label##3:                                          \
        FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 955b-956b;                     \
        .popsection;
 
+#define UACCESS_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION                    \
+959:                                                   \
+       .pushsection __uaccess_flush_fixup,"a";         \
+       .align 2;                                       \
+960:                                                   \
+       FTR_ENTRY_OFFSET 959b-960b;                     \
+       .popsection;
+
 #define ENTRY_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION                      \
 957:                                                   \
        .pushsection __entry_flush_fixup,"a";           \
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ extern long stf_barrier_fallback;
 extern long entry_flush_fallback;
 extern long __start___stf_entry_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup;
 extern long __start___stf_exit_barrier_fixup, __stop___stf_exit_barrier_fixup;
+extern long __start___uaccess_flush_fixup, __stop___uaccess_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___entry_flush_fixup, __stop___entry_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___rfi_flush_fixup, __stop___rfi_flush_fixup;
 extern long __start___barrier_nospec_fixup, __stop___barrier_nospec_fixup;
index 94f24928916a81766041277d7024d49166779fb0..8f4d2798000380f9ddf79b4c39d70927bd3d90db 100644 (file)
@@ -45,15 +45,24 @@ static inline void setup_kuep(bool disabled) { }
 void setup_kuap(bool disabled);
 #else
 static inline void setup_kuap(bool disabled) { }
-static inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
-                                    unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
-static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
-                                      unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
+
 static inline bool
 bad_kuap_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, bool is_write)
 {
        return false;
 }
+
+/*
+ * book3s/64/kup-radix.h defines these functions for the !KUAP case to flush
+ * the L1D cache after user accesses. Only include the empty stubs for other
+ * platforms.
+ */
+#ifndef CONFIG_PPC64
+static inline void allow_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
+                                    unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
+static inline void prevent_user_access(void __user *to, const void __user *from,
+                                      unsigned long size, unsigned long dir) { }
+#endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_KUAP */
 
 static inline void allow_read_from_user(const void __user *from, unsigned long size)
index 8c99b651a83ed41f98e14579c56ab50fe8917d38..e9e3f85134e548762fddbcaf6dca6cd071e2c7c3 100644 (file)
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(u64 feature)
 // The L1-D cache should be flushed when entering the kernel
 #define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY                0x0000000000004000ull
 
+// The L1-D cache should be flushed after user accesses from the kernel
+#define SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS      0x0000000000008000ull
 
 // Features enabled by default
 #define SEC_FTR_DEFAULT \
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ static inline bool security_ftr_enabled(u64 feature)
         SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR | \
         SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR | \
         SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY | \
+        SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS | \
         SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY)
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_SECURITY_FEATURES_H */
index 556635217e5cb5ac6f8bc552d7d36651f4565ef1..6f2f4497e13b37f8d5ca81fa6c631040e7f19dd4 100644 (file)
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ void setup_barrier_nospec(void);
 #else
 static inline void setup_barrier_nospec(void) { };
 #endif
+void do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
 void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types);
 void do_barrier_nospec_fixups(bool enable);
 extern bool barrier_nospec_enabled;
index a31a8b39f2346c6fe18622af4b25b25bd2bfa510..88bba0a931d654b0d1c36734e32be0d3cc602afe 100644 (file)
@@ -2046,11 +2046,8 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(stf_barrier_fallback)
        .endr
        blr
 
-TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
-       std     r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
-       std     r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
-       std     r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
-       mfctr   r9
+/* Clobbers r10, r11, ctr */
+.macro L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
        ld      r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
        ld      r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
        srdi    r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
@@ -2076,7 +2073,14 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
        ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
        addi    r10,r10,0x80*8
        bdnz    1b
+.endm
 
+TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(entry_flush_fallback)
+       std     r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
+       std     r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
+       std     r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
+       mfctr   r9
+       L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
        mtctr   r9
        ld      r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
        ld      r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -2092,32 +2096,7 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(rfi_flush_fallback)
        std     r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
        std     r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
        mfctr   r9
-       ld      r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
-       ld      r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
-       srdi    r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
-       mtctr   r11
-       DCBT_BOOK3S_STOP_ALL_STREAM_IDS(r11) /* Stop prefetch streams */
-
-       /* order ld/st prior to dcbt stop all streams with flushing */
-       sync
-
-       /*
-        * The load adresses are at staggered offsets within cachelines,
-        * which suits some pipelines better (on others it should not
-        * hurt).
-        */
-1:
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*0(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*1(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*2(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*3(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*4(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*5(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*6(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
-       addi    r10,r10,0x80*8
-       bdnz    1b
-
+       L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
        mtctr   r9
        ld      r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
        ld      r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -2135,32 +2114,7 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(hrfi_flush_fallback)
        std     r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
        std     r11,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R11(r13)
        mfctr   r9
-       ld      r10,PACA_RFI_FLUSH_FALLBACK_AREA(r13)
-       ld      r11,PACA_L1D_FLUSH_SIZE(r13)
-       srdi    r11,r11,(7 + 3) /* 128 byte lines, unrolled 8x */
-       mtctr   r11
-       DCBT_BOOK3S_STOP_ALL_STREAM_IDS(r11) /* Stop prefetch streams */
-
-       /* order ld/st prior to dcbt stop all streams with flushing */
-       sync
-
-       /*
-        * The load adresses are at staggered offsets within cachelines,
-        * which suits some pipelines better (on others it should not
-        * hurt).
-        */
-1:
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*0(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*1(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*2(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*3(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*4(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*5(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*6(r10)
-       ld      r11,(0x80 + 8)*7(r10)
-       addi    r10,r10,0x80*8
-       bdnz    1b
-
+       L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
        mtctr   r9
        ld      r9,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R9(r13)
        ld      r10,PACA_EXRFI+EX_R10(r13)
@@ -2169,6 +2123,19 @@ TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(hrfi_flush_fallback)
        GET_SCRATCH0(r13);
        hrfid
 
+USE_TEXT_SECTION()
+
+_GLOBAL(do_uaccess_flush)
+       UACCESS_FLUSH_FIXUP_SECTION
+       nop
+       nop
+       nop
+       blr
+       L1D_DISPLACEMENT_FLUSH
+       blr
+_ASM_NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_uaccess_flush)
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_uaccess_flush)
+
 /*
  * Real mode exceptions actually use this too, but alternate
  * instruction code patches (which end up in the common .text area)
index fc0ec8cf3a7e68ae91b9a6e1c314895c8abcd1dd..a6b72dd431a43af293179bdcb18590cff085af48 100644 (file)
@@ -860,8 +860,12 @@ static enum l1d_flush_type enabled_flush_types;
 static void *l1d_flush_fallback_area;
 static bool no_rfi_flush;
 static bool no_entry_flush;
+static bool no_uaccess_flush;
 bool rfi_flush;
 bool entry_flush;
+bool uaccess_flush;
+DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(uaccess_flush_key);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(uaccess_flush_key);
 
 static int __init handle_no_rfi_flush(char *p)
 {
@@ -879,6 +883,14 @@ static int __init handle_no_entry_flush(char *p)
 }
 early_param("no_entry_flush", handle_no_entry_flush);
 
+static int __init handle_no_uaccess_flush(char *p)
+{
+       pr_info("uaccess-flush: disabled on command line.");
+       no_uaccess_flush = true;
+       return 0;
+}
+early_param("no_uaccess_flush", handle_no_uaccess_flush);
+
 /*
  * The RFI flush is not KPTI, but because users will see doco that says to use
  * nopti we hijack that option here to also disable the RFI flush.
@@ -922,6 +934,20 @@ void entry_flush_enable(bool enable)
        entry_flush = enable;
 }
 
+void uaccess_flush_enable(bool enable)
+{
+       if (enable) {
+               do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enabled_flush_types);
+               static_branch_enable(&uaccess_flush_key);
+               on_each_cpu(do_nothing, NULL, 1);
+       } else {
+               static_branch_disable(&uaccess_flush_key);
+               do_uaccess_flush_fixups(L1D_FLUSH_NONE);
+       }
+
+       uaccess_flush = enable;
+}
+
 static void __ref init_fallback_flush(void)
 {
        u64 l1d_size, limit;
@@ -993,6 +1019,15 @@ void setup_entry_flush(bool enable)
                entry_flush_enable(enable);
 }
 
+void setup_uaccess_flush(bool enable)
+{
+       if (cpu_mitigations_off())
+               return;
+
+       if (!no_uaccess_flush)
+               uaccess_flush_enable(true);
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
 static int rfi_flush_set(void *data, u64 val)
 {
@@ -1046,10 +1081,37 @@ static int entry_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val)
 
 DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_entry_flush, entry_flush_get, entry_flush_set, "%llu\n");
 
+static int uaccess_flush_set(void *data, u64 val)
+{
+       bool enable;
+
+       if (val == 1)
+               enable = true;
+       else if (val == 0)
+               enable = false;
+       else
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       /* Only do anything if we're changing state */
+       if (enable != uaccess_flush)
+               uaccess_flush_enable(enable);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int uaccess_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val)
+{
+       *val = uaccess_flush ? 1 : 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(fops_uaccess_flush, uaccess_flush_get, uaccess_flush_set, "%llu\n");
+
 static __init int rfi_flush_debugfs_init(void)
 {
        debugfs_create_file("rfi_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_rfi_flush);
        debugfs_create_file("entry_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_entry_flush);
+       debugfs_create_file("uaccess_flush", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL, &fops_uaccess_flush);
        return 0;
 }
 device_initcall(rfi_flush_debugfs_init);
index 752bf59102837525878f4f06e52d489a5f89f6e7..5229eeac8946da06be6fc1bf61637469c8027d12 100644 (file)
@@ -143,6 +143,13 @@ SECTIONS
                __stop___stf_entry_barrier_fixup = .;
        }
 
+       . = ALIGN(8);
+       __uaccess_flush_fixup : AT(ADDR(__uaccess_flush_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
+               __start___uaccess_flush_fixup = .;
+               *(__uaccess_flush_fixup)
+               __stop___uaccess_flush_fixup = .;
+       }
+
        . = ALIGN(8);
        __entry_flush_fixup : AT(ADDR(__entry_flush_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) {
                __start___entry_flush_fixup = .;
index 8050f074b34601d9ce1b4b4136febb9b79f4ee8e..e8b25f74454d66a18d9bb58d8c04cabbbcfa99fc 100644 (file)
@@ -228,6 +228,56 @@ void do_stf_barrier_fixups(enum stf_barrier_type types)
        do_stf_exit_barrier_fixups(types);
 }
 
+void do_uaccess_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types)
+{
+       unsigned int instrs[4], *dest;
+       long *start, *end;
+       int i;
+
+       start = PTRRELOC(&__start___uaccess_flush_fixup);
+       end = PTRRELOC(&__stop___uaccess_flush_fixup);
+
+       instrs[0] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+       instrs[1] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+       instrs[2] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+       instrs[3] = 0x4e800020; /* blr */
+
+       i = 0;
+       if (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK) {
+               instrs[3] = 0x60000000; /* nop */
+               /* fallthrough to fallback flush */
+       }
+
+       if (types & L1D_FLUSH_ORI) {
+               instrs[i++] = 0x63ff0000; /* ori 31,31,0 speculation barrier */
+               instrs[i++] = 0x63de0000; /* ori 30,30,0 L1d flush*/
+       }
+
+       if (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG)
+               instrs[i++] = 0x7c12dba6; /* mtspr TRIG2,r0 (SPR #882) */
+
+       for (i = 0; start < end; start++, i++) {
+               dest = (void *)start + *start;
+
+               pr_devel("patching dest %lx\n", (unsigned long)dest);
+
+               patch_instruction(dest, instrs[0]);
+
+               patch_instruction((dest + 1), instrs[1]);
+               patch_instruction((dest + 2), instrs[2]);
+               patch_instruction((dest + 3), instrs[3]);
+       }
+
+       printk(KERN_DEBUG "uaccess-flush: patched %d locations (%s flush)\n", i,
+               (types == L1D_FLUSH_NONE)       ? "no" :
+               (types == L1D_FLUSH_FALLBACK)   ? "fallback displacement" :
+               (types &  L1D_FLUSH_ORI)        ? (types & L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG)
+                                                       ? "ori+mttrig type"
+                                                       : "ori type" :
+               (types &  L1D_FLUSH_MTTRIG)     ? "mttrig type"
+                                               : "unknown");
+}
+
 void do_entry_flush_fixups(enum l1d_flush_type types)
 {
        unsigned int instrs[3], *dest;
index 36d60bc2c5e4aaa843196ad8ea358fd3795641ac..ef7b4c09e7d69d364f50085f60eba4659025f9e6 100644 (file)
@@ -139,6 +139,10 @@ static void pnv_setup_rfi_flush(void)
        enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
                 security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY);
        setup_entry_flush(enable);
+
+       enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
+                security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS);
+       setup_uaccess_flush(enable);
 }
 
 static void __init pnv_setup_arch(void)
index 0597bff44788514cf9c2c8bfee8b3c4bb0a41a7d..ce71235c8b81f0d7cec731a265bb25b9e88bcd59 100644 (file)
@@ -565,6 +565,10 @@ void pseries_setup_rfi_flush(void)
        enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
                 security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_ENTRY);
        setup_entry_flush(enable);
+
+       enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
+                security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_UACCESS);
+       setup_uaccess_flush(enable);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI_IOV