ext4: prevent stale extent cache entries caused by concurrent get es_cache

ext4: prevent stale extent cache entries caused by concurrent get es_cache

The EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE and EXT4_IOC_PRECACHE_EXTENTS currently
invokes ext4_ext_precache() to preload the extent cache without holding
the inode's i_rwsem. This can result in stale extent cache entries when
competing with operations such as ext4_collapse_range() which calls
ext4_ext_remove_space() or ext4_ext_shift_extents().

The problem arises when ext4_ext_remove_space() temporarily releases
i_data_sem due to insufficient journal credits. During this interval, a
concurrent EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE or EXT4_IOC_PRECACHE_EXTENTS may cache
extent entries that are about to be deleted. As a result, these cached
entries become stale and inconsistent with the actual extents.

Loading the extents cache without holding the inode's i_rwsem or the
mapping's invalidate_lock is not permitted besides during the writeback.
Fix this by holding the i_rwsem during EXT4_IOC_GET_ES_CACHE and
EXT4_IOC_PRECACHE_EXTENTS.

Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250423085257.122685-6-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>