bcachefs: fix O(n^2) issue with whiteouts in journal keys

bcachefs: fix O(n^2) issue with whiteouts in journal keys

The journal_keys array can't be substantially modified after we go RW,
because lookups need to be able to check it locklessly - thus we're
limited on what we can do when a key in the journal has been
overwritten.

This is a problem when there's many overwrites to skip over for peek()
operations. To fix this, add tracking of ranges of overwrites: we create
a range entry when there's more than one contiguous whiteout.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>