userfaultfd: prevent concurrent API initialization

userfaultfd: prevent concurrent API initialization

userfaultfd assumes that the enabled features are set once and never
changed after UFFDIO_API ioctl succeeded.

However, currently, UFFDIO_API can be called concurrently from two
different threads, succeed on both threads and leave userfaultfd's
features in non-deterministic state.  Theoretically, other uffd operations
(ioctl's and page-faults) can be dispatched while adversely affected by
such changes of features.

Moreover, the writes to ctx->state and ctx->features are not ordered,
which can - theoretically, again - let userfaultfd_ioctl() think that
userfaultfd API completed, while the features are still not initialized.

To avoid races, it is arguably best to get rid of ctx->state.  Since there
are only 2 states, record the API initialization in ctx->features as the
uppermost bit and remove ctx->state.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210808020724.1022515-3-namit@vmware.com
Fixes: 9cd75c3cd4c3d ("userfaultfd: non-cooperative: add ability to report non-PF events from uffd descriptor")
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>