bitops: add generic parity calculation for u8

bitops: add generic parity calculation for u8

There are multiple open coded implementations for getting the parity of
a byte in the kernel, even using different approaches. Take the pretty
efficient version from SPD5118 driver and make it generally available by
putting it into the bitops header. As long as there is just one parity
calculation helper, the creation of a distinct 'parity.h' header was
discarded. Also, the usage of hweight8() for architectures having a
popcnt instruction is postponed until a use case within hot paths is
desired. The motivation for this patch is the frequent use of odd parity
in the I3C specification and to simplify drivers there.

Changes compared to the original SPD5118 version are the addition of
kernel documentation, switching the return type from bool to int, and
renaming the argument of the function.

Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Acked-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250107090204.6593-2-wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>