make take_dentry_name_snapshot() lockless

make take_dentry_name_snapshot() lockless

Use ->d_seq instead of grabbing ->d_lock; in case of shortname dentries
that avoids any stores to shared data objects and in case of long names
we are down to (unavoidable) atomic_inc on the external_name refcount.

Makes the thing safer as well - the areas where ->d_seq is held odd are
all nested inside the areas where ->d_lock is held, and the latter are
much more numerous.

NOTE: now that there is a lockless path where we might try to grab
a reference to an already doomed external_name instance, it is no
longer possible for external_name.u.count and external_name.u.head
to share space (kudos to Linus for spotting that).

To reduce the noise this commit just make external_name.u a struct
(instead of union); the next commit will dissolve it.

Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>